mRNA癌症疫苗的转化挑战与机遇
Translational Challenges and Opportunities in mRNA Cancer Vaccines
mRNA癌症疫苗进展迅速：个体化平台如mRNA-4157和BNT122已证明可行、安全且能产生持久免疫活性，但难以规模化生产；通用型（现成）疫苗如BNT111和BNT113可更快更广泛部署，但精准性或免疫耐受性可能打折扣。本综述总结了这些互补路径暴露出的关键转化矛盾：个体化与共享抗原（现成疫苗）、效力与安全性、速度与持久性之间的权衡。作者提出模块化疫苗设计、初免-加强（prime-boost）免疫方案和适应性试验框架等策略，以调和上述矛盾，推动可规模化、持久的mRNA疫苗实现广泛肿瘤学影响。
为什么推荐给您：对已有mRNA癌症疫苗证据的综述与策略讨论，无新数据，属常规学术综述。
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摘要Abstract
UNLABELLED: Messenger RNA (mRNA) cancer vaccines have progressed rapidly, with personalized platforms such as mRNA-4157 and BNT122 demonstrating feasibility, safety, and durable immune activity but limited scalability. Off-the-shelf constructs, including BNT111 and BNT113, enable faster, broader deployment, yet they risk reduced precision or immune tolerance. These complementary approaches reveal key translational dualities: personalization versus shared antigen (off-the-shelf), potency versus safety, and speed versus durability. This mini-review synthesizes emerging clinical evidence and outlines strategies such as modular vaccine design, prime-boost vaccination regimens, and adaptive trial frameworks to reconcile these trade-offs and advance scalable, durable mRNA vaccines for broad oncologic impact.
SIGNIFICANCE: By dissecting the competing design pressures that shape mRNA vaccine performance, this mini-review proposes integrative strategies, spanning modular architectures, prime-boost regimens, and adaptive trials, to reconcile immunologic potency with manufacturability and safety, charting a roadmap toward next-generation cancer vaccines.